What do engineers do, and which field is right for you? | UniSC | University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia

Engineering is more than just numbers and blueprints – it’s about solving problems and creating a better world.

Whether you're passionate about building sustainable cities, exploring how things work, or launching into the future of robotics or aerospace, there's an engineering career pathway waiting for you.

One great thing about studying engineering at UniSC is that you don’t have to choose a speciality straight away. In your first year you'll take subjects in all our major fields of engineering. This gives you a chance to learn more about each, and the flexibility to switch programs easily if you change your mind.

In this article, we'll explore some of the different fields of engineering. We will also look at job prospects for graduates in each industry.

What do civil engineers do?

Civil engineers solve challenges and build things that benefit communities. They design, build, and maintain the infrastructure we rely on every day – roads, buildings, water systems, and more. With the 2032 Olympic Games headed to Queensland, this is an industry that's sure to see lots of opportunity in our region.

If you're interested in sustainable development and collaborative problem-solving, this path could be for you.

Core responsibilities

• Design and development: Plan and model infrastructure projects using civil design tools.
• Site analysis and planning: Assess environmental, geological, and regulatory conditions.
• Construction oversight: Manage site activities and coordinate contractors and consultants.
• Sustainability and safety: Ensure projects meet safety standards and environmental guidelines.
• Project management: Oversee budgets, timelines, and compliance with regulations.

What do electrical engineers do?

If you're fascinated by how electrical systems function and evolve, consider studying electrical engineering. Electrical engineers power everything from smartphones to smart cities – and you could help shape what comes next.

Core responsibilities: 

• Design and development: Create electrical systems, circuits, and components for devices and infrastructure.
• Testing and analysis: Evaluate system performance, troubleshoot issues, and ensure safety compliance.
• Power systems engineering: Design systems for electricity generation, transmission, and distribution.
• Electronics and control systems: Develop embedded systems, sensors, and automation controls.
• Project management: Oversee timelines, budgets, and technical implementation.
• Collaboration: Work with multidisciplinary teams and stakeholders.

What do mechanical engineers do?

Mechanical engineers design, build and refine the systems that keep the world moving. If you have a curious mind that loves improving how things work, this is the field of engineering for you.

Core responsibilities:

• Design and development: Create blueprints and models using CAD tools.
• Analysis and testing: Conduct stress, heat, and motion simulations to ensure safety and performance.
• Manufacturing: Define processes, select materials, and support production systems.
• Problem-solving: Diagnose and resolve mechanical issues in systems and products.
• Project management: Lead engineering projects and manage teams, budgets, and deadlines.

What do mechatronics engineers do?

Smart systems, robotics, and automation – welcome to the world of mechatronics. It’s where creative minds design intelligent machines and push the boundaries of what tech can do.

Core responsibilities:

• System design and integration: Combine mechanical, electrical, and software components into unified systems.
• Embedded programming: Write firmware for sensors, actuators, and microcontrollers.
• Prototyping and testing: Build and test systems for reliability and functionality.
• Automation and control: Create automated solutions for robotics, manufacturing, and smart devices.
• Diagnostics and troubleshooting: Resolve cross-disciplinary system faults and performance issues.
• Collaboration: Work in multidisciplinary teams to develop innovative engineering solutions.

The path to becoming an engineer

To become a qualified engineer, you'll need to study a degree in engineering. 

At UniSC, we have strong industry connections and believe in the importance of providing our students with access to industry so they're job-ready when they leave us. All of our bachelor programs include 12-weeks of valuable industry work experience, and we host regular guest lectures from industry professionals, that expose our students to current engineering professional practice.

We’re also big on giving our students hands-on experiences when it comes to learning, by allowing them to recreate interactive real-life scenarios in UniSC's state-of-the-art visualisation studio and dedicated engineering laboratories.

Job prospects and career outlook

Engineers in Australia enjoy strong job prospects, competitive salaries, and global mobility. As industries shift toward sustainability, automation, and infrastructure renewal, demand for skilled engineering graduates is only set to increase.

Job prospects are expected to grow across most disciplines of engineering, driven by infrastructure development, renewable energy projects, manufacturing innovation, and digital transformation. We've included some current market insights for each, below.

Civil engineering

Infrastructure boom: Ongoing investments in public infrastructure, including roads, bridges, and water systems, are creating numerous opportunities for civil engineers. The demand is particularly strong in urban development and environmental engineering.

Electrical engineering

Renewable energy projects: The shift towards sustainable energy sources has led to increased demand for electrical engineers in solar, wind, and smart grid technologies. Roles in power systems and automation are especially sought after.

Mechanical engineering

Diverse opportunities: Mechanical engineers are finding opportunities across various industries, including manufacturing, mining, and aerospace. The push for automation and advanced manufacturing techniques is expanding the scope for mechanical engineering roles.

Mechatronics and robotics

Technological advancements: With the rise of AI and robotics, mechatronics engineers are in demand to design and maintain intelligent systems. Industries such as defence, healthcare, and automotive are key employers in this space.

If you’re ready to take the first step toward a career in engineering, take a look at our programs for more information about how to get started.